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Spirituality and homelessness
Spirituality has an impact on both mental and physical health outcomes in the general United States population across different ethnic groups.〔Seybold, Kevin S., and Peter C. Hill. "The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Mental and Physical Health." Current Directions in Psychological Science 10(2001):21-24.〕 Because of the nuanced definitions of spirituality and religiosity, the literature on spirituality is not consistent in definitions or measures resulting in a lack of coherence. However, taken as a whole, research tends to show that the impact of spirituality is positive, associated with better health outcomes.〔Douglas, Amber N., Sherlyn Jimenez, Hsiu-Ju Lin, and Linda K. Frisman. "Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Spiritual Well-Being on Long-Term Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes Within a Sample of Homeless Women." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 14(2008):344-352.〕〔 For those who engage in spirituality, it may serve as a buffer from negative life events, often moderating the relationship between negative life experiences and levels of anxiety or depression. 〔Young, J. Scott, Craig S. Cashwell, and Julia Shcherbakova. "The Moderating Relationship of Spirituality on Negative Life Events and Psychological Adjustment." Counseling and Values 45(2000):49-55.〕 The exception is when negative spiritual coping is practiced. This type of coping has negative health implications.
The homeless are a vulnerable population that experiences the moderating effect of spirituality; spirituality plays a role in their emotional and mental capacity to handle challenges they face and practice health-promoting behaviors. For the homeless who practice spirituality as a positive coping mechanism, it often has a positive impact in their life and is cited as a source of strength and comfort in qualitative research.
==Spirituality==
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